Scalars hold single value and can be: Constants, Variables, Optionals.
Scalars
val value1 : Int = 65 //CONSTANT (value)
var value2 : Int = 65 //VARIABLE (variable)
If Scalar can have null value it is called Optional (indicated by a question mark '?').
Optional Scalars
val value3 : Int? = null //OPTIONAL CONSTANT ('?' indicates that constant might not have value)
var value3 : Int? = null //OPTIONAL VARIABLE ('?' indicates that variable might not have value)